What Is Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease)? Causes and Symptoms Explained

What Is Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease)?

Gum disease, also called periodontal disease, is a common mouth problem. It affects the tissues that hold your teeth in place. Often, it starts with swollen or bleeding gums. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss. Because gum disease is so common, it is important to know its signs and causes. Early care can help prevent serious problems. According to the CDC, almost half of adults over 30 have some form of gum disease.

Causes of Gum Disease

Many things can cause gum disease. Most often, it starts with plaque. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that forms on your teeth. If you do not remove plaque by brushing and flossing, it can harden into tartar. Tartar makes it easier for bacteria to harm your gums. In addition, some habits and health issues can raise your risk.

Poor brushing and flossing habits

Smoking or using tobacco

Diabetes or other health conditions

Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy

Family history of gum disease

Certain medicines that reduce saliva

Because these causes are common, regular dental care is very important.

Common Symptoms

Gum disease symptoms can be mild at first. However, they often get worse over time. Knowing the signs of gum disease helps you catch it early. Early treatment can prevent tooth loss.

Red, swollen, or tender gums

Gums that bleed when you brush or floss

Bad breath that does not go away

Receding gums or teeth that look longer

Loose or shifting teeth

Pain when chewing

If you notice any of these gum disease symptoms, see a dentist soon.

How Gum Disease Is Diagnosed

First, your dentist will ask about your health and symptoms. Next, they will check your gums for swelling, redness, and bleeding. They may use a small tool to measure the space between your teeth and gums. This helps find signs of gum disease. Sometimes, X-rays are needed to check for bone loss. Because early gum disease can be painless, regular dental checkups are key.

Treatment Options

Treatment for gum disease depends on how severe it is. Early stages, called gingivitis, can often be reversed. Good brushing, flossing, and regular cleanings help. If the disease is more advanced, your dentist may suggest other treatments.

Professional dental cleaning to remove plaque and tartar

Deep cleaning (scaling and root planing) to clean below the gum line

Medicines, such as mouth rinses or antibiotics

Surgery in severe cases to restore gum health

Because gum disease can return, follow your dentist’s advice closely.

Prevention Tips

Preventing gum disease is possible with simple daily habits. These steps can help keep your gums healthy and strong.

Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste

Floss every day to remove plaque between teeth

Visit your dentist for regular checkups and cleanings

Eat a balanced diet and limit sugary snacks

Do not smoke or use tobacco products

Because prevention is easier than treatment, start these habits today.

When to See a Dentist

If you notice signs of gum disease, do not wait. Early care can stop the problem from getting worse. See a dentist if you have:

Bleeding gums

Red or swollen gums

Loose teeth

Persistent bad breath

For those looking for gum disease treatment in your area, search for a trusted dentist for gum disease. Regular visits help keep your mouth healthy.

If you notice signs of gum disease, consult a dentist for personalized advice. Early action can protect your smile for years to come.